GEMS & MINERALS OF PAKISTAN. December 11, 2014 (2014-11)

Pakistan is a country blessed with the gifts of natural resources and the various Gemstones excavated in our country are considered as best all over the world Bearing different shades and properties these revered gems are the precious pride of Pakistan

APATITE

Apatite is named from the Greek word apate, which means "deceit", since Apatite has a similar appearance to so many minerals. The Apatite group is a group of similar isomorphous hexagonal phosphate minerals. Apatite (CaF) is by far the most common form of Apatite

Apatite comes in Colorless, white, yellow, brown, gray, red, pink, purple, blue, green Some specimens are multicolored Strike of Apatite is white. Its hardness is 5 on Moh scale of hardness. Its crystal system is hexagonal. Its transparency is transparent or translucent. Its specific gravity is 3.1-3.2. The luster of apatite is vitreous

The gemmy violet and reddishforms are very much valued by collectors and command high prices

In Pakistan pink and red crystals are found in the Hunza Vallery. Gilgit, and at Skardu at Shengus. Dassu, and the Shigar Valley

AQUAMARINE

Aquamanne is the most greenish-blue to blue variety of Beryl. It forms in beautiful crystals that can be quite large and totally transparent Unlike Emerald which usually is flawed or heavily included, Aquamarine can be found in stunning flawless crystals, creating some of the most beautiful mineral masterpieces

Duller or greenish colored stones can be heated to very high temperatures in which they can attain a beautiful sky-blue color in fact much of the Aquamannes used as gemstones are actually heat treated. The Chemical formula for aquamarine is Beryllium aluminum silicate Be3A12SI06

Aquamanne crystal system is Hexagonal and its Strike is colourless. It has hardness 7.5-8 and its specific gravity 28-29 Aquamarme comes in Greenish-blue, light blue, sky blue, deep sky-blue colour. Its lustors is vitreous.

Aquamarine is the most popular light-blue gemstone, and is extensively used in jewelry, Rings, earings, and bracelets are made from Aquamarine, and it is especially important as a pendant stone, with fairly large pendants being faceted from Aquamane Lama transparent stones may be cut into cabochons. Quality Aquamarine crystals are also highly valued by collectors in their natural form

Pakistan undoubtedly produces the most outstanding crystals of Aquamarine, and some of these crystals can be huge gemmy pas There are several important deposits in the northern mountains, particular noteworthy are the Shigar Valley Skantu Dent, B and Nagar, Hunza Valley, Gilgit District.

TOURMALINE

Tourmaline is not a single minerals, but a group of several closely related minerals. The three most well-known members are Elbaite, Schorl, and Dravite. Other lesser known members include Uvite, Liddicoatite and Buergerite.

Tourmaline is extremely popular among collectors and is a well-known gemstone. It is the most multicolored mineral type known, occurring in virtually every color of the spectrum. Individual stones are often multicolored and are unsurpassed in their beauty.

Tourmaline is extremely varied in colour. Colours include black, brown, green, red pink, blue and grey white, colour less yellow, orange and purple colours are less common, Crystals are frequently multicolored containing two or more distinct colors. Some specimens are pleochroic.

It has hardness of 7-7.5 and its, specific gravity is 2.9-3.3. It has a veterious lustor.

Excellent Tourmaline comes from the mountains of Northern Pakistan at Stak Nala, Skardu, Gilgit District.

EPIDOT

Epidot is one of the most outstanding display mineral. The finest and most desirable form of this mineral is in delicate elongated crystals that are extremely lustrous and often interconnected. This form is highly treasured by collectors and creates one of the finest mineral showpieces. The color of Epidot is almost invariably green, in all different shades and tones, with a pistachio color habit being very typical.

The Colour of Epidot is light to dark-green, olive-green, yellowish-green, brownish-green, brown, black. Transparent forms can be strongly pleochroic with a greenish color on one angle and brownish color on the other angle.

It has a monoclinic crystal system. Its hardness is 6-7 and specific gravity is 3.3-3.6 and strike is white. Its transparency is Transparent to nearly opaque.

Some of the most outstanding Epidot crystals come from Pakistan, in the Tormiq valley, Skardu District, and in Alchuria and Hachupa in the Shigar Valley. Lustrous crystals from a limited find in Kuh-e Khorram Mountain.

VESVAUNITE

Vesvaunite is named after Mt. Vesuvius in Italy, the famous volcano where it was originally described. The term Idocrase is an older synonym not commonly used anymore; it is more readily seen in old collection labels and classical reference guides.

The colour of vesvaunite is Brown, green, yellow. Less commonly pink, purple, orange, maroon, red, and blue. Multicolored shades of pink/purple and green are rare.

The crystal system of vesvaunite is tetragonal. Its hardness on Moh scale is 6.5 and specific gravity is 3.3-3.5 while its strike is white

Vesvaunite is an important collectors mineral and fine crystals can be very valuable. The massive, compact variety Clifornite is occasionally used as an ornamental stone similar to Jade.

Lustrous dark crystals come from Alchuri and Hachupa, in the Shigar Valley, Skardu, Pakistan.

TOPAZ

Topaz is a well-known minerals, occurring in large and beautifully shaped and colored crystals. It naturally occurs in many colors. but rarely in pink, purple and deep blue. Those colors are formed from lighter-colored stones that undergo irradiation and heat treatment.

Topaz crystals in a matrix are rare and very much desired, since the perfect basal cleavage of Topaz causes it to separate from its base and form loose crystals. Precautions must be taken not to damage specimens, for pressure or improper faceting can cause a crystal to cleave and break.

Topaz are found in different colours which are colourless, white, yellow, orange, brown, pink, light purple, gray, light blue, greenish blue, green and occasionally multicolored.

Its crystal system is orthorhombic. The hardness of Topaz is 8 and specific gravity is 3.4-3.6 while its strike is colourless. Topaz can be found in transparent to opaque and its luster is vitreous. Topaz is often preceded by its color, for example Blue Topaz, Pink Topaz. Yellow Topaz, White Topaz, and Sherry Topaz

Topaz is a very popular gemstone. All colors are fashioned into gemstones, and the yellow-brown Imperial is especially valuable. Crystals, especially those still in a matrix, are greatly sought by mineral collectors

Large and outstanding thick crystals come from Pakistan in the Gilgit and Skardu District, in Baltistan, (especially the Shigar Valley. Shengus, and Dassu). Pink and purple Topaz with exceptionally deep color comes from Katlung. Khyber, Pakistan.

GARNET

Garnet is not a single mineral, but a group that contains closely related, isomorphous minerals that form a series with each other. The Garnet members form intermediary minerals between each member, and may even intergrow within a single crystal

The colour of garnets are Red, brown, black, green, yellow, orange, pink, white, and colorless. (Garnets come in all colors with the exception of bluish shades). Massive specimens from certain localities can be multicolored white, pink, and/or light green.

The crystal structure of garnet is isometric. Its hardness is 6.5-8 and specific gravity is 3.5-4.3 while its strike is colorless. Its luster is Vitreous, adamantine, dull.

The Garnets are important minerals, and are primarily known for their gemstone uses. The transparent varieties are used in all forms of jewelry, with the most extensively used color being dark red. Other Garnet forms such as the reddish-orange Spessartine, yellow Grossular, and the green Tsavorite and Demantoid also make fine gemstones.

The finest dark red Spessartine, usually associated with contrasting white Albite, comes from Pakistan at Shengus and the Shigar Valley, Skardu District; and in the Gilgit District.

SPHEN

The name "Sphene" comes from the word Sphene meaning wedge shaped, as it normally occurs in wedge shaped crystals. Several gemological characteristics make it beautiful and desirable as a collector's stone or, with care, for jewelry use. Its dispersion (fire) is one of the highest of all gem materials and is higher than diamond. The body color, degree of inclusions, cutting orientation and cutting style may enhance or obscure this feature. If well polished, the luster can approach or equal that of diamond, but the gem is difficult to polish well. The high birefringence usually makes some doubling of facet images visible within the stone giving it a degree of internal fuzziness similar to that often seen in zircon or peridot. A rare variety termed chrome sphene is colored by chromium and is an intense green.

The rare collector's stone Sphene is a brilliant transparent yellowish-green or green with a high luster and pronounced fire. Sphene's magnificent fire, unique color shades, strong pleochroism, adamantine (diamond-like) luster and double refraction make it ideal for earrings and pendants that catch the light and show its sparkling qualities. Occasionally pink, black or brown, most Sphene is predominantly green or yellowish-green, with colorful flashes of a rainbow of hues.

Its crystal structure is Monoclinic. Its hardness on moh scale is 5-5.5.

Its refractive index is 1.880-2.054. Sphene colours are Greenish yellow, yellow and brown. Sphene is also found in Northern areas of Pakistan.

On Gems & Minerals of Pakistan, Pakistan Post is issuing a Special Postage Stamp of Rs. 10/- denomination of each design on December 11, 2014

"SAY NO TO CORRUPTION" INTERNATIONAL ANTI CORRUPTION DAY. DECEMBER 09, 2014 (2014-10)

1. National Accountability Bureau is Pakistan's apex anti-corruption organization. It is charged with the responsibility of elimination of corruption through a holistic approach of awareness, prevention and enforcement. It operates under the National Accountability Ordinance 1999. It takes cognizance of all offences falling within the National Accountability Ordinance (NAO). For the initial three years, the focus of its functions was directed only at detection, investigation and prosecution of white-collar crim. In February 2002. NAB launched the National Anticorruption Strategy (NACS) project. The NACS team conducted broad based surveys, studied external models of international anti-corruption agencies and involved local stakeholder. All pillars of National Integrity System were studied in detail. After identifying the causes of corruption in each pillar, a comprehensive strategy and a detail action plan was recommended. Breaking away from traditional enforcement based routines NACS has recommended a comprehensive process. Relevant amendments have been made in NAO and now NAB is empowered to undertake prevention and awareness in addition to its enforcement functions.

2. NAB derives its legal mandate from NAO-1999 which is extended to whole of Pakistan including FATA and is also applicable to all persons in Pakistan and its citizens wherever they may be It was promulgated with the objective to establish an efficient and all encompassing anti corruption regime in the country. To build society edifice against corruption needs long and short term measures with consistency in application. NAB has been entrusted a state function under the NAO to develop, arrange, supervise. participate in or conduct educational programmes, media campaigns and related activities to create will in the society for fight against corrupt practices. Society at large needs to steered back to norms and character values presently being followed by cultured and developed societies of the World. NAB pins hope on future leadership specially students. Parents today lay more emphasis on 'grades and positions of their siblings but outrightly have forgotten to give due emphasis to the Character Building (Kirdar Saazi) NAB took initiative in 2012 and started forming Character Building Societies with support of Provincial Govts. These are being formed at School, College and University levels and once a year NAB plans to conduct workshop at Provincial level involving all appointment holders of these societies. On similar lines NAB has started forming Coalition Groups' (Character Building Societies) to fight against corruption and act as whistle blower at UC, Tehsil and Distt level. Notables of reasonable reputes on non partisan basis form the hard core and periphery will have members from all walks of life. Awareness activities also include media campaigns, walks, seminars, essay writing, declamation and poster competition on anti corruption themes by students

3 NAB under section 33C (a) of NAO 1999 is mandated to educate and advise public authorities, holders of public office and the community at large on measures to combat corruption and corrupt practices, Awareness is aimed at correcting ill habits of Society through Education and Character Building so as to build public opinion for Will to eradicate Corruption and Corrupt Practices. The major object of awareness is to transform the social attitude from indifference to abhorrence against corruption, building anti corruption coalition, and putting to lime light various aspects and dimensions of the menace of corruption by raising awareness and building requisite character traits. International anti-corruption day is observed on 9th December all over the world. It signifies the day when United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC) was first opened for signing at Merida, Mexico in 2003. The day is observed to highlight the adverse impact of corruption on humanity. NAB alongwith UNODC have planned to observe this day in a befitting manner and will organize a siminar on the topic "Say No to Corruption on 9th December 2014 at Aiwan-i-Sadar, Islamabad. President of Pakistan has graciously agreed to be the Chief Guest on the occasion.

4. National Accountability Bureau in collaboration with Pakistan Post intends to introduce a Commemorative Stamp on December 09, 2014 carrying message "SAY NO TO CORRUPTION". This will help in the awareness of general public about the ill affects of corruption and will help in prevention of corruption.

On International Anti Corruption Day, a commemorative postage stamp of Rs. 8/- denomination is being issued by Pakistan Post on December 9, 2014.

On the 100th Birthday Anniversary of Norman E. Borlaug Nobel Peace Prize Laureate. December 04, 2014 (2014-09)

Norman Borlaug's approach to increasing global food production resulted in the saving of as many as one billion people worldwide from famine, starvation and death and earned him the title "Father of the Green Revolution."

Born of Norwegian descent on March 25, 1914, Dr. Borlaug was raised in Cresco lowa USA. He obtained his initial education in a one-room rural school house. After graduating in 1937 with a BS in Forestry, he went to work for the United States Forest Service, initially in Idaho and later in Massachusetts and Connecticut. He returned to graduate school at the University of Minnesota, and took up the study of plant pathology. receiving his Ph.D in 1942.

In 1944, Dr. Borlaug participated in the Rockefeller Foundation's pioneering technical assistance program in Mexico, where he was a research scientist in charge of wheat improvement. For the next sixteen years, he worked to solve a series of wheat production problems that were limiting wheat cultivation in Mexico and to help train a whole generation of young Mexican scientists.

The work in Mexico not only had a profound impact on Dr. Borlaug's life and philosophy of agriculture research and development, but also on agricultural production, first in Mexico and later in many parts of the world. It was on the research stations and farmers' fields of Mexico that Dr. Borlaug developed successive generations of wheat varieties with broad and stable disease resistance, broad adaptation to growing conditions across many degrees of latitude, and with exceedingly high yield potential. These new wheat varieties and improved crop management practices transformed agricultural production in Mexico during the 1940's and 1950's and later in Asia and Latin America, sparking what today is known as the "Green Revolution."

He also served as Consultant for Food and Agriculture Organization of UN (FAO) in North Africa and Asia during 1960. It was that time when Norman E. Borlaug visited Pakistan for the first time as a member of a FAO-Rockefeller Foundation team studying wheat production problems. As a result of recommendation of this expert team, a group of promising young researchers visited Mexico during 1961-63 where they were exposed to new and practical methods for improving wheat production. This paved the paths for introducing seeds of high yielding varieties in Pakistan and brought the "Green Revolution" in Pakistan. Based on his contributions the Government of Pakistan awarded him with Sitara-I-Imtiaz in 1968 and The Hilal-I-Imtiaz Award in 1978. His contributions were also recognized by the civilizations around the globe and were honored by many prestigious awards by the governments of various countries like the Presidential Medal of Freedom (USA), the Congressional Gold Medal (USA), the Padma Vibhushan (India).

He was awarded honorary degrees of doctorates in the field of science, agriculture & agricultural sciences, humane letters and law from more than fifty world renowned institutions including honorary degree of Doctor of Science in 1978 by Punjab Agricultural University (Pakistan). He was also designated as Honorary Consultant to Punjab Agricultural University of Lyallpur (Pakistan) and awarded a Recognition Award by Punjab Agricultural Research Institute (Pakistan) in 1971. In 1984, Pakistan Academy of Sciences opt him as Foreign Honorary Member.

In 1970 Norman E. Borlaug was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for a lifetime of work to feed a hungry world. One of Dr. Borlaug's most lasting contributions was the creation ofWorld Food Prize in 1986 to recognize exceptional achievements in the field of agriculture or efforts to counter poverty and hunger.

He died at the age of 95, on September 12, 2009, in his Dallas home. United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) described Borlaug as "... a towering scientist whose work rivals that of the 20th century's other great scientific benefactors of humankind".

On 100th Birthday Anniversary of Norman E. Borlaug, a commemorative postage stamp of Rs.8/- denomination is being issued by Pakistan Post on December 4, 2014

PAKISTAN 2025, ONE NATION-ONE VISION. August 11, 2014 (2014-08)

The Vision 2025 aims to serve four functions. First, it will be a compilation of the consensus views of national and internal stakeholders regarding the future direction of the country. Second, therefore, it will be an inspirational document setting out future goals and expectations, to be translated into a concrete road map and coherent strategy for balanced human, social, and economic development. Third, it will provide a conceptual platform or the revival of sustainable and inclusive growth, benefiting all citizens of Pakistan strengthening of the development foundation and enabling the country to achieve internal development goals within their respective time frames, and achieving the high level of human development and national autonomy associated with a high-income status before the centennial anniversary of the creation of Pakistan. Finally, it will provide the indigenous conception and approach for meeting all globally agreed targets, including the Millennium Development Goals and any new goals to be endorsed by Pakistan in the international arena.

Vision 2025 builds upon the urgent measures already undertaken by the government to address short term challenges. As a result of these measures, inflation has begun to decelerate, the fiscal deficit has shrunk, growing foreign exchange reserves have reassured traders as well as the international markets, the stock market has revived, and international capital markets have expressed their confidence by oversubscription of the Eurobond. In the real sector likewise, the urgent measures have contributed to the resumption of healthy growth in large-scale manufacturing (unprecedented for the last 8 years), and respectable agricultural growth. The vision will also build upon the positive trends in the political domain, including a national consensus on democratic governance, strengthening of the parliament as well as the judiciary, and the emergence of vibrant civil society and print and electronic media.

Vision 2025 divides its challenges and goals into a set of seven pillars identified as the key drivers of growth which will transform Pakistan into a vibrant and prosperous nation by 2025. In addition to these seven pillars, Vision 2025 identifies five key enablers, which are critical for success of the plan, namely

a) Shared vision

b) Political stability

c) Peace and security

d) Rule of law and

e) Social justice

The objective of Pakistan Vision 2025 is to awaken, co-ordinate and direct the people's efforts, minds and our national resources towards seven key pillars that will enable us to attain our development goals and withstand the expected intensive economic competition ahead of us. In the past, growth spurts have been exogenously driven. It is now time for the people of Pakistan to take control of their own destiny. As outlined earlier Pakistan Vision 2025 was developed through a non-partisan process to create a national consensus on our shared destination. At its core the Vision is people-designed and people centered. The Vision is for the people, by the people and of the people; setting and defining the parameters of political, economic and social development for building a prosperous, peaceful and unified nation. A nation envisioned where citizens share a strong sense of nationalism and community, and government partnership in pursuit of national development goals.

Vision 2025 is a shared, inspirational destination that will serve as a guide post for the development of an effective strategy and road map to enable Pakistan to reach its national goals. The Vision will be realized through strategies and programmes defined in associated five-year and annual plans.

Vision 2025 seeks to recreate and build upon the Pakistani Dream, which our founding fathers had so inspirationally constructed at the inception of our nationhood and it aims to engage the people of Pakistan, unite them behind a shared destination, and inspire hope in Pakistan's future.

Pakistan Post is issuing two Postage stamps of Rs. 8/- and Rs. 10/- denominations each, on August 11, 2014 to commemorate the launching of the long-run road map of a progressive Pakistan in the shape of Pakistan Vision 2025.

100 YEARS OF SAHIWAL BREED CONSERVATION (1914-2014) COMMEMORATIVE POSTAGE STAMP August 05, 2014 (2014-07)

Humped or Zebu cattle (Bosindicus) were domesticated 7000-8000 years ago in Indus valley present day Pakistan. Of the about 450 tropical breeds, the zebu is the main type in the subcontinent and Africa. One of the best known zebu breeds is the Sahiwal in Pakistan which developed on the Indus plain especially in the Ganji bar. The introduction of a canal irrigation system during 1914 changed the ecology and agriculture of the area from pastoral livestock production to intensive crop production. British Government leased out lands to conserve the Sahiwal cattle breed. First Conservation farm of its kind was approved on 30. 6.1914 at Jehangirabad near KachhaKhu Distt. Multan (now Khanewal) by leasing out 4190 acres of land to Sardar Jehangir Khan Wattu. Second farm for similar purpose was approved during 1917 at Allah Dad, Jehanian, Distt. Multan which was closed during 1977. Third farm was established near Montgomery during 1920 by leasing out land to Datar Singh which was closed during 1952. Later two farms contributed towards conservation efforts for the breed but for a shorter duration.

Efforts towards conservation of the breed continued at Jehangirabad Cattle farm till today being pioneers. This farm really changed the Sahiwal breed history through its contributions in the shape of breed development by issuing pedigreed bulls to the nation and even to the world. Motivation for the Sahiwal Cattle lovers and general public by participating in national Livestock shows in the country and even in Delhi before partition. Milk and beauty competitions inspired the general public for rebreeding the Sahiwal breed. This farm was nationalized during 1977 and its contributions continued in a novel way both at Government farm as well as at private original farm. During the period from 1915 to 1976, 4638 cows and heifers, 1770 bullocks and 8608 breeding bulls were supplied for further breeding and utilization from private farm and 1972 bulls and heifers were issued for further breeding from Government farm, a real contribution towards conservation of the breed. The Sahiwal breed here improved at such a prime level that it was exported to China, Australia, Kenya, Newzealand, Malysia, Bangladesh, India, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Iran, Sri Lanka and Kuwait etc. Animals of this farm won National beauty and dairy championships. Now it is found in more than twenty nine countries of the world. More than eight synthetic breeds have been evolved by utilizing Sahiwal breed in tropical countries. We being Pakistani are proud of our Sahiwal, a free gift of nature. The year 2014 is therefore, a year to celebrate the past and embrace the future.

Being the tick resistant, heat tolerant, high milk producing breed under harsh and low input farming systems, easy calver, reproductively efficient and economically sustainable, it is globally known breed. Sahiwal produce A2 type safe milk whereas Holstein Friesian (Boss taurus) produce A1 type milk which is associated as risk factor for fatal human diseases. Livestock is already playing its role in poverty alleviation in rural masses and its contribution in Agriculture GDP is increasing which is now 55.4%. According to International Farming Comparison Network (IFCN-2012), Pakistan is the 3rd largest milk producer (Energy corrected) in the world after India and USA. Being producer of safe milk, export of value added products can be increased to earn the foreign exchange.

Sahiwals are among the largest zebu cattle, with a mature weight from 500-900 and 360-400 kg in male and female respectively. The coat colour is usually reddish dun or sorrel, but brown is also common. The cows have large, sometimes pendulous udders with big teats. The bulls have a large hump, which often leans to one side, and a pendulous sheath. The dewlap is also large. The horns are small and commonly loose in the female. Male calves are being utilized for routine utilization as beef after fattening and especially for sacrificial purposes.

Historical efforts for its conservation continued at private and government level. A postage stamp was launched during 1949 by the Mamlikat-e-Khuda Dad Bahawalpur on the eve of Silver Jubilee celebration (1924-1949) depicting the Sahiwal bull.

According to Pakistan Livestock Census 2006, 2.75 million heads of Sahiwal cattle are available in the country. Due to its global importance and unique characteristics, efforts for its conservation on scientific lines continued and Government of the Punjab established separate Research centre (RCCSC) for its conservation during 2003-04, Breeding programme of RCCSC has been recognized by FAO. As a first effort, during 1914, inspite of great pressure of crossbreeding since 1970, its conservation continued. For its further promotion at global level, a memorial postage stamp should be issued on completing its 100 years during 2014.

It is proposed that on completing 100 years of Sahiwal dairy cattle improvement, a commemorative postage stamp be issued to mark the centenary of the globally known Sahiwal breed, honouring the Sahiwal cattle breeders and lovers the world over.

On completing 100 Years of Sahiwal Breed Conservation 1914-2014, a commemorative postage stamp of Rs.8/-denomination is being issued by Pakistan Post on August 05, 2014.

100 YEARS OF FRONTIER CONSTABULARY. July 11, 2014 (2014-06)

The name of Frontier Constabulary cannot be separated. from bravery, valour, courage and determination. FC is known worldwide for its unmatchable skills to fight against the odds of the worst kind. The name of FC is written with golden words in the annals of the law enforcement in Pakistan. From fight against militancy to general law and order, FC has always been a front force in the line of action.

Year 2013 marked hundred years of establishment of Frontier Constabulary. Created in 1913, by the amalgamation of Border Military Police (BMP) and Samana Rifles (SR), it was envisaged to protect the settled districts of the then North-West Frontier Province, modern day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, from any incursion of desperate bands of looters from the adjoining tribal belt. Frontier Constabulary, governed under the Frontier Constabulary Act of 1915 and N-WFC rules 1958, is headed by a Commandant, a Basic Pay Scale (BPS) 21 officer, and is considered one of the most prestigious and revered posting in Police Service of Pakistan. From R.C. Boyle, the first Commandant of FC, to the incumbent Abdul Majeed Marwat, some of the finest Police Officers have led this force.

The command structure of FC revolves around its basic unit called FC District. Each FC district is under the command of a District Officer (DO). The first district of FC was established in 1913 while the most recent one is the Corps Head Quarters (CHQ) Peshawar raised as a district in 2004. Today, FC has seventeen districts stretching across the length and breadth of the country. Frontier Constabulary is a tribal based force and almost all the major clans of Pathans have a representation in FC. The basic structure of FC is a "Platoon" and one FC platoon comprises of forty three men.

FC has five hundred and forty seven platoons and performing functions beyond its initially visualized role as a border police. More than seventy platoons of FC are assisting KP Police in maintaining law and order throughout the province. One hundred and thirty three platoons are helping Pakistan Army in combating militancy in Federally Administered Tribal Area (FATA) and KP. Forty five platoons of FC are serving with Sindh Government and providing security to vital installations. The security of major prisons in Karachi, Hyderabad and Sukkur is entrusted to FC. Basides, FC platoons are deployed in Islamabad to protect the diplomatic enclave and other key buildings in the capital. More than forty platoons of FC are deployed with the multi-national companies (MNCs) and hydro power projects. Six platoons of FC are deployed in Gilgit Baltistan. Apart from assisting the GB government in maintaining law and order, FC has a key role in security of Kara Kurram Highway (KKH). FC helped the government in peaceful conduct of 2013 general elections. More than two thousand FC personnel have provided security to polio workers in the polio eradication campaign in Peshawar and FATA.

Frontier Constabulary has been a front line force in the battle against terrorists. It has proved its mettle on a number of occasions. Be it the operation 'Spring Cleaning' in Pastawana in FR Peshawar or 'Operation Kala Dhaka' in KP, FC has stood second to none when it comes to defending the country against the non-state elements. In its endeavor to protect the mother land, FC is not behind any other law enforcement agency in the country and has so far lost three hundred & thirty six (336) officers and jawans, Mr. E.C. Handy Side, the second Commandant of FC from 1921 to 1926, was martyred while fighting a band of dacoits. Safwat Ghayour was one of the most inspiring and courageous Police officer the country has ever seen. Safwat Ghayour was the commandant of FC when his vehicle was hit by a suicide bomber in 2010. He embraced Shahadat and the country lost a brave son and FC an adorable General.

Frontier Constabulary is a time tested force and proved its mettle in the most challenging battlefields. The soldiers of FC, being brought up in the most rugged terrains of the world, are ideal fighters on their own turf. The gloabl terrorist network is in one way or the other linked to the western border region of Pakistan. Personnel of FC, tendered by nature, are the most efficient force in this area. It is need of the hour to modernize FC and equip it with the state of the art gadgetry to make it more dynamic and professional force. Rudyard Kipling described FC in his words, "a force ready to take the field at ten minutes' notice". But today it is a force willing to take the enemy at one minute notice.

On the occasion of 100 years of Frontier Constabulary a commemorative postage stamp of Rs.8/- denomination is being issued by Pakistan Post on July 11, 2014.

ON THE OCCASION OF GOLDEN JUBILEE-PAKISTAN NAVY SUBMARINE FORCE GOLDEN JUBILE. JUNE 1, 2014 (2014-05)

The year 2014 marks the Golden Jubilee-Pakistan Navy Submarine Force, thus a glorious landmark is achieved in a journey paved with sacrifices, valour, commitment and professionalism of highest order. Pakistan Navy's submarine arm has maintained great fighting tradition and created a name for itself in the combat.

Pakistan Navy made a very modest beginning in 1947 when only a few old ships were transferred to it from Royal Indian Navy. Soon it was realized that in order to have an effective deterrence capability against any potential aggressor, the Navy should acquire a submarine arm. It was on 1st June 1964 that the Navy acquired the first submarine "PNS/M GHAZI" (ex-US Navy "Fleet" class submarine of World War II vintage). The presence of Ghazi in Indian Ocean kept the Indian Navy confined to its harbour during 1965 war. Due to this heroic action by PNS/M GHAZI and fully realizing the immense deterrence potential that a submarine possesses, PN decided to build a full-fledged Submarine Force. Pakistan Navy acquired three "Daphne" class submarines from France and these Submarines joined PN Fleet in 1669-70. These submarines were named HANGOR, SHUSHUK & MANGRO.

These submarines proved their worth during the 1971 war, when PNS/M HANGOR sank the Indian Navy Frigate INS KHUKRI and damaged another. That was the first occasion after the Second World War when a submarine sank a warship. Later on, one more "Daphne" class submarine named GHAZI joined PN Fleet in 1977.

These exploits of submarine in action propelled the need for further expansion of submarine squadron. Pakistan Navy purchased two "Agosta 70" class submarines in 1978 and subsequently they were commissioned as HASHMAT and HURMAT in 1979 and 1980 respectively. The contract of three Agosta 90B Submarines was signed in 1994. First submarine (KHALID) was built in France and commissioned in 1999, second (SAAD) was constructed in Pakistan and commissioned in 2003. The third submarine (HAMZA) and the first with MESMA AIP was constructed in Pakistan and commissioned in 2008.

Presently, PN Submarine Force is well equipped with state of the art weapons, sensors and machinery; comprises men of exceptional talent, competence and commitment to defend our Motherland. PN Submarine Force has always been the potent arm of Pakistan Navy since its inception and will continue to be so in the years to come.

On the occasion of the Golden Jubilee-Pakistan Navy Submarine Force, a commemorative postage stamp of Rs. 10/- denomination is being issued by Pakistan Post on June 1, 2014.

150TH ANNIVERSARY OF FORMAN CHRISTIAN COLLEGE. MAY 14, 2014 (2014-04)

Forman Christian College (FCC), now in its 150th year, might be old in age and traditions, but it is young in ideas and innovation. Founded as the first English-medium school in the Punjab shortly after its annexation in December 1849, the pioneering fathers of the College, Dr Charles W Forman and Dr John Newton-two dedicated American Presbyterian Missionaries-upgraded the High School by adding a college section in 1864. Initially housed in the imposing Rang Mahal, the college moved to the Mall in 1889 where its campus was inaugurated by the Viceroy and Governor General of India, Lord Lansdowne. A pioneer in the residential college system, the college moved to a purpose-built campus in 1940 on the Lahore canal, where it still stands.

Over the last hundred and fifty years, FCC has led the way in modern education. The College was the first to admit women. on an equal footing in 1902, established a Graduates Association in 1896, opened the first Biology Department in 1898, started the Technical Chemistry department in 1919, and initiated Geography classes in 1924.

FCC has also made its mark in the world through its illustrious alumni. Not only was the first Chief Justice of Pakistan, Justice Sir Abdul Rashid, an FCC graduate-he administered the oath of office to Quaid-e-Azam Mohammad Ali Jinnah on 15 August 1947-the present Chief Justice of Pakistan, Justice Tassadaq HussainJillani, is also a Formanite. FCC also has the honour of being the college of choice for President Farooq Ahmed Khan Leghari, President Pervez Musharraf, Indian Prime Minister Gulzarilal Nanda, Indian Prime Minister Inder Kumar Gujral, Pakistani Punjab Chief Minister Pervez Elahi, and the current Indian Punjab Chief Minister Prakash Singh Badal. Several literary figures have also attended FCC, including Eqbal Ahmed, Krishen Chandar and Jamila Hashmi. FCC graduates have also served the country in the armed forces, bureaucracy, and in the fields of medicine, engineering and education. Future leaders, opinion makers, literary figures and others are still studying at Forman today.

FCC's history is not only tied to education, but also critical to service in the region. Since its inception the importance of service has been central to the life and mission of the college. The college motto, 'By Love Serve One Another,' exemplifies this higher calling. Dr JCR Ewing-the first non-British national to have received the title of Knight Commander of the Indian Empire-was the chairman of the Kangra Valley Earthquake Commission in 1905. FC College converted two of its hostels into a field hospital during the Second World War and then again in 1947 which later developed into the famed United Christian Hospital. In recent times, Formanites have volunteered for relief work after the 2005 earthquake and the rehabilitation work after the 2010 floods. Enthused with the spirit of service, scores of Formanites have, and still continue to, serve their communities in unknown yet significant ways.

Currently FCC is divided in two sections, the university and the college (Intermediate). The university provides 4-year Baccalaureate Honours degrees (BS/BA) in 21 majors. There are also nine postgraduate programmes. All university level programs are co-educational. The college section has an all-male student body and runs programs according to the requirements of the Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE), Lahore.

Today FCC provides an environment where students can flourish. A model of interfaith harmony and equal opportunity, FCC has students from all backgrounds and regions of Pakistan. Need-based financial aid is given regardless of religion, ethnicity, domicile or gender. Female students make up 34% of the university body. Students interested in extra-curricular activities can choose from over thirty student societies where they can develop their leadership skills and spirit of service. Facilities for more than twenty sports provide further extra-curricular activities. Seven hostels cater for male and female students who live outside Lahore. In academics, students can choose their major, opt for a minor, and set their own timetables, FCC's programmes teach students how to think, solve problems, communicate effectively and be lifelong learners.

To commemorate the great achievements of FCC, in its 150th year, Pakistan Post is issuing a stamp which depicts Sinclair Hall, constructed to mark the centenary of FCC and completed in 1971. Named after a devoted principal, Dr EJ Sinclair, who served FCC for over fifty years as a faculty member and from 1962-1968 as Principal, the building was designed by architect Nasreddin Murat Khan who also designed the Minar-e-Pakistan. One of the most recognisable buildings on campus, the depiction is by watercolour artist Anjum Zaheer. As FCC celebrates its 150th anniversary in 2014, it is proud of the legacy it has inherited and aware of the responsibility this places on it as educators of the youth of Pakistan, and indeed the region.

H. M. HABIB THE BANKER. APRIL 6, 2014 (2014-03)

Habib, reverently known as H.M., was the prodigy of Mohamedali Habib, the philanthropist, who founded Habib Bank Ltd in 1941.

H.M was born on April 6th 1936. A financial wizard, he followed in the footsteps of his father to build on the Habib Empire in banking, with branches worldwide.

He had 60 years of banking experience and was known for his razor sharp business acumen.He was considered the main Architect of Habib Bank AG Zurich.

In 1974, post nationalization of Banks in Pakistan, he, along with his elder brother and cousin, started building Habib Bank AG Zurich, which was founded in Switzerland in the year 1967.

During the last four decades, under the leadership of H.M., Habib Bank AG Zurich has grown to a substantial sized bank; According to the "Banker" magazine of Financial Times, England (July 2013 Issue). Habib Bank A.G Zurich is ranked as the 129th soundest bank of the world and enjoys a ranking of 573rd amongst the top 1000 banks in the world. All this could only be possible with the grace of Allah. Through H.M's relentless and uncanny ability to "run" with opportunity, the bank attained the growth and reputation it has. Very few people can achieve what H.M. achieved in his lifetime. A beacon of light, a pillar of support for the Habib Family, he was larger than life. A generous, patient, humble and benevolent individual; His generosity earned him the title of "Raja Seth" among his employees. He was father not only to his children, but also to other poor families in Pakistan and overseas. Like his father, he championed social causes; his charitable works included education (abroad and local), marriages, feeding and building houses for the poor.

He loved flying planes and founded the All Pakistan Aero Modeling Association of Pakistan in 1959, of which he was the President. The latter was recognized by the Federation Aeronautique International (FAI) in 1961. His Association was upgraded as an "Active Member" in 1999 by the FAI.

In 1959, he secured the first position in World championship of A2 Model Gilders (along with his younger brother), putting Pakistan on the map. His glider was called "Raza".

A passionate man, with a zest for living and well known for his generosity of spirit among his colleagues and friends. He was sought by one and all for his sincere and genuine advice in all aspects of life.

He passed away suddenly on 4th September 2013 in London. He was 77 years old. He always wanted to "go" in his shoes and it seems Allah granted his wish.

On H. M. Habib the Banker, Pakistan Post is issuing a Commemorative Postage Stamp of Rs.8/-denomination on April 6, 2014.

RECIPIENT OF SITARA-E-JURAT AIR COMMODORE (R) M. M. ALAM SJ (with bar) MARCH 20, 2014 (2014-02)

The chronicles on the World's Aviation Hall of Fame and the accomplishments of Pakistan Air Force will remain incomplete without mentioning of Air Commodore (Retd) Muhammad Mahmood Alam (Late), popularly known as "M. M. Alam"- A daring fighter pilot, Top Gun of his own class, war hero, a committed professional, scholar par excellence, a patriotic Pakistani and, an icon and a role model not only for the PAF airmen but for aviators across the globe.

M. M. Alam, nick named as Little Dragon, was born on 06 July 1935 in a well-educated family of Calcutta, then in British India. At that time his father, Muhammad Masood Alam, a senior Civil Servant was posted in the province of Bihar. Alam was the eldest amongst five brothers and six sisters - a family which has the distinct honour of producing four PhDs (three brothers and one sister) for Pakistan. In 1971, after emergence of Bangladesh, despite his family was settled there, Alam decided to settle in Pakistan which is a manifestation of his profound patriotism and loyalty to Pakistan. The family ultimately migrated to Pakistan after 1971, when Alam was a Wing Commander and posted at Air Headquarters.

Like any youth, joining the Armed Forces of Pakistan to attain martyrdom was Alam's passion. His desire found its way forward through "Shaheen Air Scouts" established by former Royal Pakistan Air Force Chief, the late Air Vice Marshal Atcherly in 1950s with the objective to inspire and motivate young students to join RPAF. After completing secondary education from Government High School, Dhaka, in 1951, M. M. Alam joined RPAF in 1952 and was granted commission on 2nd of October, 1953.

In 1954, Pilot Officer M. M. Alam started his career as a Squadron Pilot in No. 9 and then in No. 14 Squadrons flying the best aircraft then available with RPAF. Today, these squadrons take great pride in being associated with M. M. Alam.

In 1963, he was appointed as Air Gunnery & Tactical Instructor at Fighter Leader School. Later on, M. M. Alam commanded No. 11. No. 5 and No. 26 Squadrons of PAF. At Air Headquarters some of his prestigious appointments were Director Operation Research. Assistant Chief of the Air Staff (Flight Safety) and Assistant Chief of the Air Staff (Plans). He also remained on deputation in Syria.

Year 1965 was unquestionably the peak point of the Pakistan Air Force's history as it brought into focus the fundamental character of this relentless Air Force when faced, for the first time, with a full scale confrontation with its number one enemy, the Indian Air Force. During this aerial battle, Squadron Leader M. M. Alam, who was Commanding No. 11 Squadron at Sargodha, emerged as Pakistan's top-scoring fighter ace. On 7th September 1965, Alam shot down 05 Hawker Hunter Fighters of Indian Air Force, in air-to-air combat. On that Alam's day, in less than sixty seconds, the first four metallic birds were made rubbles within a span of 30 seconds only. His feat is still an unbroken world record and a dream for any claimant of Top Gun. Amazing it was, indeed, for many that how Squadron Leader Alam did that. Alam had an answer for this, and he said: "We were fighting with a passion founded on faith..... (Battle for Pakistan By John Friker p. 20). For his exceptional flying skills and valour, he was awarded Sitarai Juraat and Bar'. The Govt of Pakistan also paid him a befitting tribute by naming one of the prominent roads in Gulberg, Lahore after this living legend's name.

During 1971 Indo-Pak war, Wing Commander M. M. Alam was assigned the important duty of planning strategic aerial strikes on enemy's assets and supporting the friendly forces. He was one of the masterminds, planning strikes on ground. Very few know that his name was often used by his junior PAF pilots using his call sign while impersonating as if "Alam is actually" in Air, resultantly winning the half of the likely Air Battle before it actually took place.

In 80's, M. M. Alam being a member of the PAF selection team that visited different countries selected American F-16s to meet PAF's future requirements. It was certainly Alam's foresight and wisdom that till date the F-16s are a terror in the sky for the enemy and a source of pride for every Pakistani.

In 1982, "the man who married the sky", retired from Pakistan Air Force as an Air Commodore and took up residence in Karachi Alam led a simple life with little more than a pile of books stacked around him. It is believed that Alam not only advised and inspired the Afghan Mujahideen in their operations against the Soviet invasion but also gave all his savings in the cause of Jihad

National heroes like Air Commodore M. M. Alam (Retd) are a source of inspiration for the posterity. He was an individual who drew strength from his Faith in Almighty Allah and proved himself worthy of the revered greatness which very few achieve in their life. He will always remain alive in the hearts of the nation. His deeds conveyed the massage that the ultimate aim of life is to fulfil our duty towards the Supreme Power, Allah, and our fellow beings.

To commemorate the recipient of Sitara-e-Jurat Air Commodore (R) M. M. Alam SJ (with bar), Pakistan Post is issuing a commemorative postage stamp of Rs.8/-denomination on March 20, 2014.

MEN OF LETTERS SERIES HABIB JALIB (1928-1993) MARCH 12, 2014 (2014-01)

Habib Jalib (Real name: Habib Ahmed) was a renowned revolutionary poet of Pakistan who, throughout of his life, resisted against tyranny and injustice in his poetry. He was a political activist and a staunch democrat too.

He was born on March 24, 1928 in District Hoshiarpur, East Punjab, India. His father's name was Sufi Inayat Ullah Khan. He got early education in Miani Afghana (his native town) and Delhi. After partition, Habib Jalib migrated to Pakistan and got admission in Government High School, Jacob Lines Karachi. In Karachi, he started working as a proof reader in daily "Imroz".

Habib Jalib started poetry in 1942. In the beginning, his poetry was dominated by sentiments of romance and admirations for the natural landscape. But gradually, bitterness crept in his poetry in response of social injustice, tyranny and other irritating factors. As a poet, he showed equal command on 'Ghazal' and 'Nazm', Jalib adopted simple style and diction in his poetry and focused common people and their issues.

He believed in freedom of individuals. His poetry reflects his love for mankind and sympathy for his countrymen. He was quite sensitive to his fellow beings and their grief and miseries were very ably reflected in his poetry.

His first collection of poetry, "Barg-e-Awara", was published in 1957 in which the tone of his ghazal was mild but, with the passage of time, it had gone vociferous.

His distinct, lively and lyrical style of recitation of poetry became very popular with the people. He was able to stir the audience with the emotional waves generated by his words and style of recitation. Gradually, he started to be recognized as 'Shaayer-e-Awaam' (Poet of masses).

He was imprisoned many times due to his criticism on policies of different governments, but he never compromised on his principles.

In poetry, some of his magnum opus are "Musheer", "Dastoor", Raqs Zanjeer Pehen Kar", "Main ne Us se", 'Awaaz-e-Dost', "Maan kay paon talay jannat hai", "Farangi ka Jo May Darban Hota", "Main ne us se ye kaha", "Aye moon yahaan na nikla kar", etc.

Some of his popular verses are:

1. "This is the reward of the beauty of pride, wherever you go, you steal the past"

2. "I don't like such a dastoor, morning dawn, I don't know it"

3. "Hey moon, don't come out from here and see dreams without name..."

Habib Jalib also wrote songs for the film industry of Pakistan. Some of the renowned movies for which he wrote songs were "Bharosa", "Do Raasay", "Musiqaar", "Zarqa", "Samaaj", "Naag Muni", "Maan, Bahu Aur Beta" and "Ye Aman"

He died on March 12, 1993 at Lahore.

On 23 March 2009, President of Pakistan gave the highest civil award to Habib Jalib, after his death, which was received by his daughter.

Books of Habib Jalib:

Ø  Barg-e-Awara

Ø  Sir-e-Maqtal

Ø  Ahd-e-Sitam

Ø  Mention of the flowing blood

Ø  Goshay main frame kay

Ø  Ahd-e-Saza

Ø  Harf-e-Haq

Ø  Is shehar-e-kharabi main

Ø  Jalib Name

Ø  Harf-e-Sar-e-Daar

Ø  "Kuliyaat-e-Habib Jalib" was published after his death.

The list of books written on Habib Jalib:

Ø  Someone please come out with a lamp (Mujahib Barelvi)

Ø  Beyaad-e-Jalib ((Mujahib Barelvi)

Ø  Habib Jalib - Fan and power (Nand Kishor Vikram, published from Delhi)

Ø  Jalib Beeti (Jang publishers)

Ø  Click Download to save Beesvin Sadi Ka Awami Shair mp3 youtube com

Ø  Jalib Jalib (Jamal Ehsaani)

Ø  Jalib, Insaaf Ka Taalib (Zia Sajid)

Ø  Testimony of Habib Jalib's house (Saeed Pervez)

Ø  Habib Jalib - Shair-e-Shola Nava (Saeed Pervez)

Ø  Memoir of Pakistani Etiquette Habib Jalib Fan and Person (Saeed Pervez)

Ø  Habib Jalib I am in deep sleep (Saeed Pervez)

Ø  Habib Jalib - Roodad-e-Wafa (Nasir Jalib)

On Men of Letters Series Habib Jalib Pakistan Post is issuing a commemorative postage stamp of Rs.15/- denomination on March 12, 2014

FIRST 100 MW SOLAR PLANT. May 04, 2015 (2015-02)

Pakistan has been suffering from an energy shortage for the last two decades. With a steadily growing population and increased economic activity, the demand for energy has been rising and the generated supply has not been able to keep up with the rapid rising demand. Despite policy efforts and development plans, the gap between supply and demand remains in the range of 4000 MW on average, leading to 6-8 hours of load shedding on a daily basis, leaving businesses and homes in the dark. Business, small and large alike have been forced to suspend operations or incur higher costs by employing expensive diesel run generators as back up during load shedding hours.

Pakistan is blessed with an abundance of solar energy and is one of the few regions having on the average 300+ days per annum of sunshine and is considered best solar zone of the world. This gift of God in the shape of solar irradiance has been here since eternity but God has given us the opportunity to harness the same.

In the year 2013, The Government of Punjab, under the vision of Chief Minister Mian M. Shahbaz Sharif, dedicated 10,000 acres of land in Cholistan, near Bahawalpur City, Pakistan, for the purpose of establishing a 1000 MW Solar Park for generation of electricity. This Solar Park is an initiative of Government of the Punjab (GoPb), Pakistan to reduce reliance on fossil fuels in generation of electricity and to overcome the ever expanding gap between energy production and demand. 500 acres of land was allocated to set up the first pilot project.

The Government of the Punjab launched Quaid-e-Azam Solar Power (Pvt.) Ltd to install the first 100 MW PV Plant and act as a role model for the investors in the field of renewable energy and provide an impetus to the aspiring national and international IPPs to follow in the footsteps of QA Solar.

The site allocated is complete with interconnection facilities, access roads, water connection and a clean title to deeds. The EPC contract was awarded to TBEA Xinjiang SunOasis Co. Ltd, a renowned company from China. The Groundbreaking Ceremony of the first ever 100 MW solar PV plant in Cholistan desert near Bahawalpur was held on May 9th, 2014. Muhammad Nawaz Sharif, Prime Minister of Pakistan, accompanied by Shahbaz Sharif, Chief Minister Punjab, unveiled the plaque to establish the foundation of the plant. His Excellency, Mr. Sun Weidong, the ambassador of China to Pakistan, was also present at the venue.

Quaid-e-Azam Solar Power (Pvt.) Ltd has been able to achieve the landmark of launching Solar PV Plant from scratch with the assistance of top notch international consultants and EPC Contractor. Faced by a highly aggressive and challenging timeline, especially the mobilization and deployment of hundreds of foreign consultants/ contractors in a remote area, QA Solarwas fully confident to meet all challenges and achieve the targets on schedule.

In a record span of time, Quaid-e-Azam Solar Power has installed the first ever utility scale, photovoltaic, ground mounted and fixed tilted power plant in Pakistan. Compared to other power generation plants, this power plant will be a source of clean and renewable energy and on the basis of reduction in greenhouse gases emissions; this project has the capability of qualifying for clean development mechanism. In addition to lowering GHG emissions, solar power plant will also lead to reduction in other various atmospheric pollutants, that are discharged in coal powered plants, such as mercury, Sulphur dioxide etc.

The solar park initiative, it is hoped, will bring not only economic activity, but will also provide jobs and a unique set of skills to the inhabitants of the area. This project aims to mark the beginning of the Province's journey towards generation of renewable energy and a cleaner and greener future and pave way for others to join in the mission of fulfilling the country's energy needs for a better world.

On First 100 MW Solar Plant., a commemorative postage stamp of Rs.8- denomination is being issued by Pakistan Post on May 4, 2015.